Teorema fundamental del cálculo
El teorema fundamental del cálculo dice que la derivada de la integral
de la función continua
es la propia
.
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F(x)}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-e270ab3752e1681058d2fcfd19e3c709_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {f(x)}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c698252bcc56121aff931021a10c6b0c_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {f(x)}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-c698252bcc56121aff931021a10c6b0c_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F'(x)=f(x)}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-8c8e1c1a7f00730340eb706f717b34fc_l3.png)
El teorema fundamental del cálculo nos indica que la derivación y la integración son operaciones inversas.
Al integrar una función continua y luego derivarla se recupera la función original.
Ejemplo:
Hallar la derivada de
Ejemplo:
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F(x)=\displaystyle\int_{1}^{x}\frac{1}{1+t^{2}}\, dt}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-f3298780c3d8e2e182fa9806b3122c76_l3.png)
1Notamos que
, por lo que su diferencial ![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {dt = dx}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-5146cfe8946716742c916fc4be024559_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {t=x}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ebbea4f9eb72735cb5ebb71b763d94e0_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {dt = dx}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-5146cfe8946716742c916fc4be024559_l3.png)
2Aplicando el teorema fundamental del cálculo tenemos
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F'(x)=\displaystyle\frac{1}{1+x^{2}}}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-4f9e8e5e2f83d0ba5fca4e78e3bed217_l3.png)
Ejemplo:
Hallar la derivada de
Ejemplo:
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F(x)=\displaystyle\int_{x}^{1}\frac{1}{1+t^{2}}\, dt}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-5e8ff476f289cf315f60451f3e914588_l3.png)
1Primero cambiamos los límites de integración, ello produce que la integral cambie de signo
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F(x)=\displaystyle\int_{x}^{1}\frac{1}{1+t^{2}}\, dt= -\displaystyle\int_{1}^{x}\frac{1}{1+t^{2}}\, dt}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-0baca970e150eb575caf881dc1eece85_l3.png)
2Notamos que
, por lo que su diferencial ![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {dt = dx}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-5146cfe8946716742c916fc4be024559_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {t=x}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-ebbea4f9eb72735cb5ebb71b763d94e0_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {dt = dx}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-5146cfe8946716742c916fc4be024559_l3.png)
3Aplicando el teorema fundamental del cálculo tenemos
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F'(x)=-\displaystyle\frac{1}{1+x^{2}}}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-6e885d55f80554c06ca9bab57744d550_l3.png)
Ejemplo:
Hallar la derivada de
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F(x)=\displaystyle\int_{1}^{x^{2}}\frac{1}{1+t^{2}}\, dt}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-404bac9be0facdfbb87b7f60de6ca650_l3.png)
1Notamos que
, por lo que su diferencial ![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {dt = 2x\, dx}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a37de1cee6be5e037a0764d398a43332_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {t=x^{2}}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-5469ce651bb19bd7ea1673200a059728_l3.png)
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {dt = 2x\, dx}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-a37de1cee6be5e037a0764d398a43332_l3.png)
2Aplicando el teorema fundamental del cálculo tenemos
![Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com {F'(x)=\displaystyle\frac{1}{1+(x^{2})^{2}}\cdot 2x = \displaystyle\frac{2x}{1+x^{4}}}](https://www.superprof.es/apuntes/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-649ef84c3b125168915eb03445797de3_l3.png)
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